The Apostle to the Apostles

It is always a surprise to me that on Easter Sunday we don’t have John’s full gospel  account of Jesus’ appearance to Mary Magdalene.  We hear only the first part of the story during the Easter morning mass.  On the Tuesday following Easter we hear the second part of the story: Jesus’ appearance and Mary’s response.  I have often wondered why the lectionary has divided the story into two parts.  The effect of the division seems to lessen the impact of the story, as well as, Mary’s significance in the early Church community.  Yet, as we carefully read and listen to the gospel stories, it is easy to recognize Mary’s prominence in Jesus’ life and the life of the early Church.

The gospel stories identifying Mary Magdala as the first person to receive the news of the resurrection are consistent.  Wording and details differ, but the message is the same.  However, some modern scholars have noted that Luke’s approach to the resurrection narrative is a deliberate attempt to lessen Mary Magdala’s importance.   They identify Luke’s “oversight” of Mary and of other women as being a consistent trend not only within his gospel, but also in the Acts of the Apostles which Luke also wrote.  These omissions underscore one of the struggles in the early Church: gender, its significance and relationship to full membership and leadership (1).

It is not surprising that there were struggles in the early Church especially around the issues of leadership and power because we hear of them even while Jesus was alive.  There were questions from the disciples and their relatives that exposed these attitudes.  The disciples asked, “Who will be the greatest in the kingdom of heaven?” (Mt. 18:1) The mother of the sons of thunder, as they came to be known, asked Jesus to “Promise that these two sons of mine may sit one at your right hand and the other at your left” (Mt. 20:21).  Over and over again Jesus tries to teach his disciples that the world’s ways and judgments are not his way.  Jesus reaches out to those who are considered religiously impure and socially unacceptable.  He invites women and men to be numbered among his disciples and he welcomes them as “friend.” Even though his actions continually betray the world’s way of thinking, his disciples don’t seem to fully comprehend.

Yet, whatever the early conflicts were concerning Mary Magdala and her leadership role, it is clear from the gospels that Mary Magdala was chosen by Jesus to be the first witness to the resurrection.  It is also clear that she was commissioned to proclaim the Good News (gospel) of his resurrection.    Jesus identified Mary Magdala as both a spiritual and temporal leader. The Holy Spirit who dwelled in her enabled her to preach the Good News wherever she went.  From the beginning, this call to discipleship and preaching was a staggering responsibility not only because it was a hard message to proclaim, but also because she was a woman.  Luke states clearly that when Mary proclaimed the message of the resurrection to the apostles, they considered her words as “nonsense.”   But even that did not stop Mary.

Throughout the centuries, St. Mary Magdala has been portrayed in many ways (2).  Even though we do not have a lot of facts about her – where she was born, how she met Jesus, where she went after the resurrection- it is not surprising because the gospels were written from a faith perspective to tell the story of Jesus. However, there are major legends and oral traditions that help us fill in the gaps.  Therefore, we need to consult other sources to find out more about Mary of Magdala’s identity (3).

Some scholars suggest that Mary might have come from a small fishing village that is on the west side of the Sea of Galilee.  The name of the town is Dalmanutha (Mk 8:10) which is a Hebrew word, but when it is translated into Greek the spelling is very close to “Magdala.”  Another theory is that her name reflects obvious qualities for which she was well known.  Magdala is a derivative of a Hebrew root word that means “tower,” “strong,” “fortress.”  This insight was reiterated in a letter that St. Jerome wrote in the Fifth Century.  “Mary Magdalene received the epithet ‘fortified with towers’ because of her earnestness and strength of faith, and was privileged to see the rising of Christ first even before the apostles” (3).  So Magdala could refer to Mary’s home town and/or the spiritual characteristics that she possessed.  She certainly was tall in moral stature, as well as a forthright, loyal friend and disciple of Jesus.

We don’t know exactly where Mary went to live after the resurrection.  The Gospels don’t give us any information concerning her travels and preachings.

Most of the legends that surround Mary of Magdala come from oral traditions which sometimes contradict each other.  One of the reasons for the contrary traditions is that many towns wanted to claim her presence and influence.   The townsfolks considered it an honor to have such an intimate connection with this great woman disciple.  Just think what it would mean to us if we lived and worked in the town where Mary Magdala had lived, preached and prayed.  What would it feel like to walk in her footsteps, hear her stories and stand where she stood when she preached in the early days of the Church (4)?

Some of the traditions seem more reliable than others.  Many of them grew out of a deep sense of piety, but a few, no doubt, developed because it was “good for business” so to speak.  Relics of saints in the Middle Ages drew many pilgrims to towns and villages that would otherwise have been over looked.  It might sound strange to us, but relic snatching and trading was a vibrant trade in those days.

One of the traditions from the Sixth Century says Mary left Jerusalem with John and Jesus’ mother and sailed to Ephesus.  There they lived together and Mary Magdala preached the gospel.  Another legend says that Magdala, Bartholomew and Philip went to Ephesus and from there continued traveling on missionary journeys. Magdala finally returned to Ephesus.  There is a tomb in Ephesus that claims to have her remains.

However, there are other popular legends that say Mary Magdala went to southern France.  According to one set of beliefs Mary Magdala, Lazarus, Salome and Martha all traveled to France and landed in Marseille.  There Mary retired to fast and pray.  There is still a small grotto with a chapel that marks the place where she lived.  Even to this day pilgrims go to visit the area.

In the Eleventh Century Vezelay, another town in France, claimed to have Mary’s relics and in this place many miracles were performed in her name.  For over two hundred years thousands of pilgrims visited that town.  But then in the Thirteenth Century a prince called Charles of Salerno discovered that Magdala’s relics were at the Church of St. Maximin. Again, at St. Maximin many miracles began to take place.  To honor Mary, they soon secured her skull in a crystal and gold reliquary.  On her feast day the reliquary was taken out in procession for all to see and honor.

When we read these stories we have to remember the culture and the times from which they come.  Miracles were attributed to many saints and oral folk traditions often filled in the missing links of the story.  Some of the stories were truer and better researched than others.  All of the claims can’t be true because as some scholars have stated, if all of the claims were true there would be five full corpses, plus many extra body parts that belonged to Mary of Magdala.

All of this sounds very strange to us, but in the Middle Ages religious myths flourished.  It is easy to find similar pious stories of saints in all cultures.   Every nation has its own religious traditions and stories.  If those before us err on the side of hypothesis and imagination, we on the other hand might err on the side of demanding hard evidence and facts. Perhaps the prudent line is somewhere in between.

But what does all of this mean to us?  We honor and celebrate the saints because they remind us of what God’s grace did for them and can do for us.  Mary Magdala was an extraordinary woman.  Her deep faith and dauntless courage kept her a loyal disciple even when Jesus suffered and died on the cross.  In spite of the guards at the tomb, she ventured out alone “while it was still dark,” to visit the tomb where Jesus had been buried.  The vision of an angel and of an unknown person must have frightened her, but nothing kept her from questioning either of them. She was tenacious and persistent.  She must have traveled great distances and risked physical harm to preach the gospel.  We have no specific information concerning her death, but there can be no doubt that she was faithful and loyal to the risen Christ to the end of her life.  Mary has always held a unique position in Church history.  This “Apostle to the Apostles” is also the patronesses of the Order of Preachers (Dominican Order).

I would like to suggest that you reread the death and resurrection narratives in John’s gospel during this Easter season.  You also might want to reflect on the following questions.  Why do you think Jesus appeared to Mary first before any other apostle?  What wisdom can we gain from her life and preaching?  What difference has her faithful life made in your life of faith?

Footnotes:

1. Even though the Acts of the Apostles states that there were 120 women and men present when the Holy Spirit descended upon them on Pentecost, the story soon focuses on Peter’s, John’s, James’ and later Paul’s ministries. Also in Paul’s First Letter to the Corinthians, Paul incorrectly retells the original gospel story, “Well then, in the first place, I taught you what I had been taught myself…that he (Christ) appeared first to Cephas…. (ICor 15:5).”  This passage indicates a significant shift from the gospel accounts.

2.  In 1945 an Arab man was digging in the mountains looking for rich soil to use for fertilizer.  He discovered a large red earthenware jar.  Inside were papyrus texts that were bound by hand into books.  These writings were not original, but copies of ancient texts written in a late Egyptian language similar to Greek.  They date back to the late 4th century and were probably buried to protect them from being destroyed.  These writings are not considered part of the canon of scripture, but they give us rare insights into the life and times of the early Christian communities. Some of the writings contained in the jar were the Gospel of Mary, the Gospel of Thomas, the Gospel of Philip and Plato’s Republic.  There were 52 different texts.

3.  A Complete Idiot’s Guide to Mary Magdalene, Lesa Bellevie, published by ALPHA: a member of Penguin Group (USA) Inc.  2005.  p. 9   This is a very practical and informative book on Mary Magdalene.

4.  Many people have taken study tours to ancient Jewish/Christian sites and/or traced the footsteps of St. Paul.  A few years ago I spent some time in southern France visiting the traditional sites where Mary Magdala lived and preached.  The devotion and history I encountered in those places were quite inspiring.

Special thanks to Mary Ellen Green and Maria Hetherton who have helped in editing this article. “Stories Seldom Heard” is a monthly article written by Sister Patricia Bruno, O.P.  Sister is a Dominican Sister of San Rafael, California.  This service is offered to the Christian community to enrich one’s personal and spiritual life.  The articles can be used for individual or group reflection.  If you would like “Stories Seldom Heard” sent to a friend, please send a note to “brunoop2017@gmail.com.”  If you would like to support this ministry, please send your contributions to Dominican Sisters of San Rafael, c/o Sister Patricia Bruno, O.P., 638  36th Street, Richmond, CA   94805.        Thank you.